Nurses' Health Study
- Start Year
- 1976
Visit NHS
| Investigators | Contacts |
|---|---|
|
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Design
- Study design
- Cohort
- Follow Up
- Participants of NHS I and NHS II cohort were followed-up every 2 years. Participants are now (NHS III) followed-up regularly through smartphones, apps, and wearable devices to collect detailed real-time data.
- Supplementary Information
Marker Paper
Colditz GA, Manson JE, Hankinson SE. The Nurses' Health Study: 20-year contribution to the understanding of health among women. Journal of women’s health, 1997; 6(1): 49-62.
PUBMED 9065374
Recruitment
- Recruitment Target
-
- Individuals
Number of Participants
- Number of Participants
- 338,129
- Number of Participants with Biological Samples
- 124,869
Access
Availability of data and biosamples
| Possible Access to Data | |
| Possible Access to Biosamples | |
| Other |
Availability of access information
By contacting the study representative
Timeline
Populations
The population is composed of registered nurses, aged 30 to 55 years and married at the time of recruitment in 1976 living in California, Connecticut, Florida, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, New Jersey, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania and Texas.
Selection Criteria
- Sex
-
Women
- Minimum age
-
30
- Maximum age
-
55
- Newborns
- Twins
- Countries
-
- United States of America
- Territory
-
California, Connecticut, Florida, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, New Jersey, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania and Texas.
- Ethnic Origin
-
- Health Status
-
- Other Criteria
- Both premenopausal and postmenopausal women (mainly Caucasian) who had no history of cancer were included in the study population.
Recruitment
- Sources of recruitment
-
- Specific population
- Specific Population
-
- Members of an association
- Supplementary Information
-
Eligible participants were recruited through the American Nurses' Association data. Nurses who responded to the first mailed questionnaires were comprised in the cohort.
- Participants from Existing Studies
-
Number of Participants
- Number of Participants
- 121,700
- Number of Participants with Biological Samples
- Supplementary Information about selection criteria
-
1982-84 toenail samples: 62,641 participants
1989-90 blood samples: 32,826 participants
2000-02 blood and urine samples: 18,743 participants
2002-04 cheek cells samples: 33,744 participants
Data Collection Events
| # | Name | Description | Start | End |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 |
NHS I follow-up 1
|
Information on standard reproductive risk factors for cancer and cardiovascular diseases, history of benign diseases, family history of cancer, oral contraceptives, postmenopausal hormones, ... | 1976-06 | 1978-05 |
| 1 |
NHS I follow-up 2
|
Information on standard reproductive risk factors for cancer and cardiovascular diseases, history of benign diseases, family history of cancer, oral contraceptives, postmenopausal hormones, ... | 1978-06 | 1980-05 |
| 2 |
NHS I follow-up 3
|
Information on standard reproductive risk factors for cancer and cardiovascular diseases, history of benign diseases, family history of cancer, oral contraceptives, postmenopausal hormones, ... | 1980-06 | 1982-05 |
| 3 |
NHS I follow-up 4
|
Information on standard reproductive risk factors for cancer and cardiovascular diseases, history of benign diseases, family history of cancer, oral contraceptives, postmenopausal hormones, ... | 1982-06 | 1984-05 |
| 4 |
NHS I follow-up 5
|
Information on standard reproductive risk factors for cancer and cardiovascular diseases, history of benign diseases, family history of cancer, oral contraceptives, postmenopausal hormones, ... | 1984-06 | 1986-05 |
| 5 |
NHS I follow-up 6
|
Information on standard reproductive risk factors for cancer and cardiovascular diseases, history of benign diseases, family history of cancer, oral contraceptives, postmenopausal hormones, ... | 1986-06 | 1988-05 |
| 6 |
NHS I follow-up 7
|
Information on standard reproductive risk factors for cancer and cardiovascular diseases, history of benign diseases, family history of cancer, oral contraceptives, postmenopausal hormones, ... | 1988-06 | 1990-05 |
| 7 |
NHS I follow-up 8
|
Information on standard reproductive risk factors for cancer and cardiovascular diseases, history of benign diseases, family history of cancer, oral contraceptives, postmenopausal hormones, ... | 1990-06 | 1992-05 |
| 8 |
NHS I follow-up 9
|
Information on standard reproductive risk factors for cancer and cardiovascular diseases, history of benign diseases, family history of cancer, oral contraceptives, postmenopausal hormones, ... | 1992-06 | 1994-05 |
| 9 |
NHS I follow-up 10
|
Information on standard reproductive risk factors for cancer and cardiovascular diseases, history of benign diseases, family history of cancer, oral contraceptives, postmenopausal hormones, ... | 1994-06 | 1996-05 |
| 10 |
NHS I follow-up 11
|
Information on standard reproductive risk factors for cancer and cardiovascular diseases, history of benign diseases, family history of cancer, oral contraceptives, postmenopausal hormones, ... | 1996-06 | 1998-05 |
| 11 |
NHS I follow-up 12
|
Information on standard reproductive risk factors for cancer and cardiovascular diseases, history of benign diseases, family history of cancer, oral contraceptives, postmenopausal hormones, ... | 1998-06 | 2000-05 |
| 12 |
NHS I follow-up 13
|
Information on standard reproductive risk factors for cancer and cardiovascular diseases, history of benign diseases, family history of cancer, oral contraceptives, postmenopausal hormones, ... | 2000-06 | 2002-05 |
| 13 |
NHS I follow-up 14
|
Information on standard reproductive risk factors for cancer and cardiovascular diseases, history of benign diseases, family history of cancer, oral contraceptives, postmenopausal hormones, ... | 2002-06 | 2004-05 |
| 14 |
NHS I follow-up 15
|
Information on standard reproductive risk factors for cancer and cardiovascular diseases, history of benign diseases, family history of cancer, oral contraceptives, postmenopausal hormones, ... | 2004-06 | 2006-05 |
| 15 |
NHS I follow-up 16
|
Information on standard reproductive risk factors for cancer and cardiovascular diseases, history of benign diseases, family history of cancer, oral contraceptives, postmenopausal hormones, ... | 2006-06 | 2008-05 |
| 16 |
NHS I follow-up 17
|
Information on standard reproductive risk factors for cancer and cardiovascular diseases, history of benign diseases, family history of cancer, oral contraceptives, postmenopausal hormones, ... | 2008-06 | 2010-05 |
| 17 |
NHS I follow-up 18
|
Information on standard reproductive risk factors for cancer and cardiovascular diseases, history of benign diseases, family history of cancer, oral contraceptives, postmenopausal hormones, ... | 2010-06 | 2012-05 |
| 18 |
NHS I follow-up 19
|
Information on standard reproductive risk factors for cancer and cardiovascular diseases, history of benign diseases, family history of cancer, oral contraceptives, postmenopausal hormones, ... | 2012-06 | 2014-05 |
| 19 |
NHS I follow-up 20
|
Information on standard reproductive risk factors for cancer and cardiovascular diseases, history of benign diseases, family history of cancer, oral contraceptives, postmenopausal hormones, ... | 2014-06 | 2016-05 |
| 20 |
NHS I follow-up 21
|
Information is collected about sociodemographic characteristics (age, employment status, marital status), lifestyle behaviors (smoking, sleep), functional limitations, quality of life ... | 2016-06 | 2018-05 |
| 21 |
NHS I follow-up 22
|
Information is collected about sociodemographic characteristics (age, marital status), lifestyle behaviors (smoking, sleep, food frequency questionnaire), functional limitations, use of assistive ... | 2019-06 | 2021-05 |
| 22 |
NHS I follow-up 23
|
Information is collected about age, lifestyle behaviors (smoking, sleep, food frequency questionnaire, physical activity, sexual behaviours, cannabis use), quality of life (Short-Form 36 Health ... | 2021-06 | 2023-05 |
| 23 |
NHS I follow-up 24
|
Information is collected about sociodemographic characteristics (age, amrital status, education), lifestyle behaviors (smoking, sleep, food frequency questionnaire, physical activity, sexual ... | 2023-06 | 2025-05 |
The population is composed of registered nurses aged 25 to 42 years at recruitment in 1989 living in California, Connecticut, Indiana, Iowa, Kentucky, Massachusetts, Michigan, Missouri, New York, North Carolina, Ohio, Pennsylvania, South Carolina and Texas.
Selection Criteria
- Sex
-
Women
- Minimum age
-
25
- Maximum age
-
42
- Newborns
- Twins
- Countries
-
- United States of America
- Territory
-
California, Connecticut, Indiana, Iowa, Kentucky, Massachusetts, Michigan, Missouri, New York, North Carolina, Ohio, Pennsylvania, South Carolina and Texas.
- Ethnic Origin
-
- Health Status
-
- Other Criteria
- Primarily premenopausal women (mainly Caucasian) who had no history of cancer were included in the study population.
Recruitment
- Sources of recruitment
-
- Specific population
- Specific Population
-
- Members of an association
- Supplementary Information
-
Eligible participants were recruited through the American Nurses' Association data. Nurses who responded to the first mailed questionnaires were comprised in the cohort.
- Participants from Existing Studies
-
Number of Participants
- Number of Participants
- 116,429
- Number of Participants with Biological Samples
- Supplementary Information about selection criteria
-
1996-99 blood and urine samples: 29,611 participants (18,521 women gave a blood sample in the early follicular phase and a blood and urine sample in the mid-luteal phase of the menstrual cycle)
2006-08 cheek cells samples: 29,859 participants
2010-12 blood and urine samples: 17,275 participants
Data Collection Events
| # | Name | Description | Start | End |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 |
NHS II follow-up 1
|
Information on diseases and health-related topics, including smoking, hormone use, pregnancy history, and menopausal status are assessed through questionnaires. Weight and height mesures are ... | 1989-06 | 1991-05 |
| 1 |
NHS II follow-up 2
|
Information on diseases and health-related topics, including smoking, hormone use, pregnancy history, menopausal status and food-frequency are assessed through questionnaires. Weight mesures are ... | 1991-06 | 1993-05 |
| 2 |
NHS II follow-up 3
|
Information on diseases and health-related topics, including smoking, hormone use, pregnancy history, quality of life and menopausal status are assessed through questionnaires. Information on ... | 1993-06 | 1995-05 |
| 3 |
NHS II follow-up 4
|
Information on diseases and health-related topics, including smoking, hormone use, pregnancy history, menopausal status and food-frequency and assessed through questionnaires. Weight mesures are ... | 1995-06 | 1997-05 |
| 4 |
NHS II follow-up 5
|
Information on diseases and health-related topics, including smoking, hormone use, pregnancy history, quality of life and menopausal status are assessed through questionnaires. Information on ... | 1997-06 | 1999-05 |
| 5 |
NHS II follow-up 6
|
Information on diseases and health-related topics, including smoking, hormone use, pregnancy history, menopausal status and food-frequency and assessed through questionnaires. Weight measures ... | 1999-06 | 2001-05 |
| 6 |
NHS II follow-up 7
|
Information on diseases and health-related topics, including smoking, hormone use, pregnancy history, quality of life and menopausal status are assessed through questionnaires. Information on ... | 2001-06 | 2003-05 |
| 7 |
NHS II follow-up 8
|
Information on diseases and health-related topics, including smoking, hormone use, pregnancy history, menopausal status and food-frequency and assessed through questionnaires. Weight measures ... | 2003-06 | 2005-05 |
| 8 |
NHS II follow-up 9
|
Information on diseases and health-related topics, including smoking, hormone use, pregnancy history, quality of life and menopausal status are assessed through questionnaires. Information on ... | 2005-06 | 2007-05 |
| 9 |
NHS II follow-up 10
|
Information on diseases and health-related topics, including smoking, hormone use, pregnancy history, menopausal status and food-frequency and assessed through questionnaires. Weight measures ... | 2007-06 | 2009-05 |
| 10 |
NHS II follow-up 11
|
Information on diseases and health-related topics, including smoking, hormone use, pregnancy history, quality of life and menopausal status are assessed through questionnaires. Information on ... | 2009-06 | 2011-05 |
| 11 |
NHS II follow-up 12
|
Information on diseases and health-related topics, including smoking, hormone use, pregnancy history, menopausal status and food-frequency and assessed through questionnaires. Weight measures ... | 2011-06 | 2013-05 |
| 12 |
NHS II follow-up 13
|
Information on diseases and health-related topics, including smoking, hormone use, pregnancy history, quality of life and menopausal status are assessed through questionnaires. Information on ... | 2013-06 | 2015-05 |
| 13 |
NHS II follow-up 14
|
Information on diseases and health-related topics, including smoking, hormone use, pregnancy history, menopausal status and food-frequency and assessed through questionnaires. Weight measures ... | 2015-06 | 2017-05 |
| 14 |
NHS II folllow-up 15
|
Information is collected about age, lifestyle behaviors (sleep, smoking, physical activity, sexual behaviours and orientation), menopausal status, functional limitations, diseases and ... | 2017-06 | 2019-05 |
| 15 |
NHS II follow-up 16
|
Information is collected about age, lifestyle behaviors (sleep, smoking, food frequency questionnaire, physical activity), functional limitations, diseases and health-related topics (surgical ... | 2019-06 | 2021-05 |
| 16 |
NHS II follow-up 17
|
Information is collected about age, lifestyle behaviors (sleep, smoking, alcohol, food frequency questionnaire, physical activity, sexual behaviors), quality of life (Short-Form 36 Health Survey, ... | 2021-06 | 2023-05 |
| 17 |
NHS II follow-up 18
|
Information is collected about sociodemographic characteristics (age, education, marital status), lifestyle behaviors (sleep, smoking, cannabis, food frequency questionnaire, sexual behaviors), ... | 2023-06 | 2025-05 |
The population is composed of nursing students and nurses (currently working, not working, or retired), aged 18 years and over and born in 1965 or later living in Canada or in the United States.
Selection Criteria
- Minimum age
-
18
- Newborns
- Twins
- Countries
-
- Canada
- United States of America
- Territory
- Ethnic Origin
-
- Health Status
-
- Other Criteria
- Exclusion criteria : * Individuals who are working in nursing-related fields who are not RNs or LPNs/LVNs, such as Certified Nursing Assistants (CNA), Patient Care Assistants (PCA), State Tested Nurse Aides (STNA), or Nursing Assistants-Registered (NA/R). * Health professionals who are not nurses, such as physicians, physician assistants, dietitians, respiratory/occupational/physical therapists, speech pathologists, pharmacists, etc.
Recruitment
- Sources of recruitment
-
- Specific population
- Specific Population
-
- Members of an association
- Supplementary Information
-
Women were recruited through social media, mailings, word of mouth, and personal invitation by participants in the NHS and NHSII.
- Participants from Existing Studies
-
Number of Participants
- Number of Participants
- 100,000
- Number of Participants with Biological Samples
- Supplementary Information about selection criteria
- NHS plans to recruit at least 100,000 participants. As of May 2024, over 40,000 participants enrolled.
Data Collection Events
| # | Name | Description | Start | End |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 |
NHS III follow-up 1
|
Information on demographic data, residential information, medical history, lifestyle, occupational exposures, reproductive history, current diet and physical activity, and lifetime physical ... | 2010-06 | 2010-11 |
| 1 |
NHS III follow-up 2
|
Information on demographic data, residential information, medical history, lifestyle, occupational exposures, reproductive history, current diet and physical activity, and lifetime physical ... | 2010-12 | 2011-05 |
| 2 |
NHS III follow-up 3
|
The follow-up questionnaires are completed online every 6 months. The study is entirely web-based. The questionnaires collect information on demographic data, residential information, ... |
2011-06 | 2011-11 |
| 3 |
NHS III follow-up 4
|
Information on demographic data, residential information, medical history, lifestyle, occupational exposures, reproductive history, current diet and physical activity, and lifetime physical ... | 2011-12 | 2012-05 |
| 4 |
NHS III follow-up 5
|
Information on demographic data, residential information, medical history, lifestyle, occupational exposures, reproductive history, current diet and physical activity, and lifetime physical ... | 2012-06 | 2012-11 |
| 5 |
NHS III follow-up 6
|
Information on demographic data, residential information, medical history, lifestyle, occupational exposures, reproductive history, current diet and physical activity, and lifetime physical ... | 2012-12 | 2013-05 |
| 6 |
NHS III follow-up 7
|
The follow-up questionnaires are completed online every 6 months. The study is entirely web-based. The questionnaires collect information on demographic data, residential information, ... |
2013-06 | 2013-11 |
| 7 |
NHS III follow-up 8
|
Information on demographic data, residential information, medical history, lifestyle, occupational exposures, reproductive history, current diet and physical activity, and lifetime physical ... | 2013-12 | 2014-05 |
| 8 |
NHS III follow-up 9
|
Information on demographic data, residential information, medical history, lifestyle, occupational exposures, reproductive history, current diet and physical activity, and lifetime physical ... | 2014-06 | 2014-11 |
| 9 |
NHS III follow-up 10
|
Information on demographic data, residential information, medical history, lifestyle, occupational exposures, reproductive history, current diet and physical activity, and lifetime physical ... | 2014-12 | 2015-05 |
| 10 |
NHS III follow-up 11
|
Information on demographic data, residential information, medical history, lifestyle, occupational exposures, reproductive history, current diet and physical activity, and lifetime physical ... | 2015-06 | 2015-11 |
| 11 |
NHS III follow-up 12
|
Information on demographic data, residential information, medical history, lifestyle, occupational exposures, reproductive history, current diet and physical activity, and lifetime physical ... | 2015-12 | 2016-05 |
| 12 |
NHS III follow-up 13
|
Information on demographic data, residential information, medical history, lifestyle, occupational exposures, reproductive history, current diet and physical activity, and lifetime physical ... | 2016-06 | 2016-11 |
| 13 |
NHS III follow-up 14
|
Information on demographic data, residential information, medical history, lifestyle, occupational exposures, reproductive history, current diet and physical activity, and lifetime physical ... | 2016-12 | 2017-05 |
| 14 |
NHS III follow-up 15
|
Information on demographic data, residential information, medical history, lifestyle, occupational exposures, reproductive history, current diet and physical activity, and lifetime physical ... | 2017-06 | 2017-11 |
| 15 |
NHS III follow-up 16
|
The follow-up questionnaires are completed online every 6 months. The study is entirely web-based. The questionnaires collect information on demographic data, residential information, ... |
2017-12 | 2018-05 |
| 16 |
NHS III follow-up 17
|
Information on demographic data, residential information, medical history, lifestyle, occupational exposures, reproductive history, current diet and physical activity, and lifetime physical ... | 2018-06 | 2018-11 |
| 17 |
NHS III follow-up 18
|
Information on demographic data, residential information, medical history, lifestyle, occupational exposures, reproductive history, current diet and physical activity, and lifetime physical ... | 2018-12 | 2019-05 |
| 18 |
NHS III follow-up 19
|
Information on demographic data, residential information, medical history, lifestyle, occupational exposures, reproductive history, current diet and physical activity, and lifetime physical ... | 2019-06 | 2019-11 |
| 19 |
NHS III follow-up 20
|
Information on demographic data, residential information, medical history, lifestyle, occupational exposures, reproductive history, current diet and physical activity, and lifetime physical ... | 2019-12 | 2020-05 |
| 20 |
NHS III follow-up 21
|
Information on demographic data, residential information, medical history, lifestyle, occupational exposures, reproductive history, current diet and physical activity, and lifetime physical ... | 2020-06 | 2020-11 |
| 21 |
NHS III follow-up 22
|
Information on demographic data, residential information, medical history, lifestyle, occupational exposures, reproductive history, current diet and physical activity, and lifetime physical ... | 2020-12 | 2021-05 |
| 22 |
NHS III follow-up 23
|
Information on demographic data, residential information, medical history, lifestyle, occupational exposures, reproductive history, current diet and physical activity, and lifetime physical ... | 2021-06 | 2021-11 |
| 23 |
NHS III follow-up 24
|
Information on demographic data, residential information, medical history, lifestyle, occupational exposures, reproductive history, current diet and physical activity, and lifetime physical ... | 2021-12 | 2022-05 |
| 24 |
NHS III follow-up 25
|
Information on demographic data, residential information, medical history, lifestyle, occupational exposures, reproductive history, current diet and physical activity, and lifetime physical ... | 2022-06 | 2022-11 |
| 25 |
NHS III follow-up 26
|
Information on demographic data, residential information, medical history, lifestyle, occupational exposures, reproductive history, current diet and physical activity, and lifetime physical ... | 2022-12 | 2023-05 |
Classifications
- Socio-demographic and economic characteristics
- Lifestyle and behaviours
- Birth, pregnancy and reproductive health history
- Perception of health, quality of life, development and functional limitations
- Diseases
- Symptoms and signs
- Medication and supplements
- Non-pharmacological interventions
- Health and community care services utilization
- Death
- Physical measures and assessments
- Laboratory measures
- Cognition, personality and psychological measures and assessments
- Life events, life plans, beliefs and values
- Preschool, school and work life
- Social environment and relationships
- Physical environment
- Administrative information
- Cognitive functioning
- Personality
- Psychological distress and emotions
- Other psychological measures and assessments
- Perception of health
- Quality of life
- Life course development
- Functional limitations
- Other perception of health, quality of life and functional limitation-related information
- Tobacco
- Alcohol
- Drugs
- Nutrition
- Breastfeeding
- Physical activity
- Sleep
- Sexual behaviours and orientation
- Technological devices
- Misbehaviour and criminality
- Other and unspecified lifestyle information
Socio-demographic and economic characteristics
Lifestyle and behaviours
Birth, pregnancy and reproductive health history
Perception of health, quality of life, development and functional limitations
Diseases
Symptoms and signs
Medication and supplements
Non-pharmacological interventions
Health and community care services utilization
Death
Physical measures and assessments
Laboratory measures
Cognition, personality and psychological measures and assessments
Life events, life plans, beliefs and values
Social environment and relationships
Physical environment
Administrative information
Cognitive functioning
Personality
Psychological distress and emotions
Quality of life
Functional limitations
Nutrition
Sleep