Advanced Cognitive Training for Independent and Vital Elderly
The primary objective of the trial is to test the effects of three distinct cognitive interventions on primary outcome measures of cognitively demanding daily activities related to living independently (e.g., food preparation, driving, medication use, financial management). Each of the three interventions is targeted at improving memory, reasoning, or speed of information processing.
A secondary objective of the trial is to investigate the process by which the interventions affect the primary outcomes, including exploring whether a set of proximal outcomes (measures of the basic abilities being trained) serve as mediators of the effects of cognitive training on the primary outcome measures.
- Start Year
- 1998
- End Year
- 2008
Visit ACTIVE
| Investigators | Contacts |
|---|---|
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Design
- Study design
- Clinical trial
- Follow Up
- Outcome assessments were conducted immediately and 1, 2, 3, 5 and 10 years after the intervention.
- Supplementary Information
- ACTIVE is a multisite, randomized, controlled clinical trial. Participants were randomly assigned to one of three intervention groups (memory, reasoning, or speed-of-processing training) or a no-contact control group.
Marker Paper
Rebok GW, Ball K, Guey LT, Jones RN, et al. Ten-year effects of the advanced cognitive training for independent and vital elderly cognitive training trial on cognition and everyday functioning in older adults. 2014; 62(1): 16-24.
PUBMED 24417410
Recruitment
- Recruitment Target
-
- Individuals
Number of Participants
- Number of Participants
- 2,832
- Number of Participants with Biological Samples
- Supplementary Information
-
Baseline and Intervention: 2832 participants
Immediate post-test: 2561 participants
Booster: 1113 participants
1 year: 2336 participants
2 years: 2244 participants
Booster at 3 year: 1113 participants
3 years: 1879 participants
5 years: 1879 participants
10 years: 1220 participants
Access
Availability of data and biosamples
| Possible Access to Data | |
| Possible Access to Biosamples | |
| Other |
Timeline
Populations
Selection Criteria
- Minimum age
-
65
- Newborns
- Twins
- Countries
-
- United States of America
- Ethnic Origin
-
- Health Status
-
- Exclusions: * already experienced substantial cognitive decline * had a self-reported diagnosis of Alzheimer disease * had already experienced substantial functional decline * had medical conditions that would predispose them to imminent functional decline or death * had severe losses in vision, hearing, or communicative ability that would sufficiently impair performance to make participation impossible
- Other Criteria
- Exclusions: * younger than 65 years at screening * had recent cognitive training * were unavailable during the testing and intervention phases of the study * had severe losses in vision, hearing, or communicative ability that would sufficiently impair performance to make participation impossible
- Supplementary Information about selection criteria
-
The individuals in this group received a ten-session training intervention on reasoning.
Recruitment
- Sources of recruitment
-
- General population
- General Population
-
- Volunteer enrolment
- Selected sample
- Supplementary Information
-
The participants were enrolled across 6 field sites using a variety of sampling frames and recruitment strategies. Participants were recruited through state driver’s licenses and identification card registries, medical clinic rosters, senior center and community organization rosters, senior housing sites, local churches, and rosters of assistance and service programs for low-income elderly persons.
Number of Participants
- Number of Participants
- 705
- Number of Participants with Biological Samples
- Supplementary Information about selection criteria
-
Baseline and Intervention: 705 participants
Immediate post-test: 629 participants
Booster: 371 participants
1 year: 566 participants
2 years: 555 participants
Booster at 3 year: 371 participants
3 years: 469 participants
5 years: 469 participants
10 years: 316 participants
Data Collection Events
| # | Name | Description | Start | End |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 |
ACTIVE - Immediate post-test
|
The immediate post-test was conducted < 10 days following completion of training. In the ACTIVE trial, a large number of measurements approaches are used in the collection of ... |
1998-06 | 2000-01 |
| 1 |
ACTIVE - Intervention
|
The interventions were conducted in small group settings in ten 60- to 75-minute sessions over 5- to 6-week periods. These were behavioral interventions with no pharmacological component. In ... |
1998-06 | 2000-01 |
| 2 |
ACTIVE - Baseline
|
In the ACTIVE trial, a large number of measurements approaches are used in the collection of data. These include telephone interviewing, face-to-face interviews, administration of ... |
1998-06 | 2000-01 |
| 3 |
ACTIVE - Booster at 1 year
|
Booster training was provided 11 months after training to a random subset of participants in each training group who completed at least 8 of 10 training sessions. Booster training was delivered ... |
1999-05 | 2000-12 |
| 4 |
ACTIVE - 1 year
|
The first annual post-test was conducted at 1 year after the intervention. In the ACTIVE trial, a large number of measurements approaches are used in the collection of ... |
1999-05 | 2001-01 |
| 5 |
ACTIVE - 2 years
|
The second annual post-test was conducted at 2 years after the intervention. In the ACTIVE trial, a large number of measurements approaches are used in the collection of ... |
2000-05 | 2001-12 |
| 6 |
ACTIVE - 3 years
|
The third annual post-test was conducted at 3 years after the intervention. In the ACTIVE trial, a large number of measurements approaches are used in the collection of ... |
2001-05 | 2002-12 |
| 7 |
ACTIVE - Booster at 3 years
|
Booster training was provided 11 months after training to a random subset of participants in each training group who completed at least 8 of 10 training sessions. Booster training was delivered ... |
2001-05 | 2002-12 |
| 8 |
ACTIVE - 5 years
|
The fourth annual post-test was conducted at 5 years after the intervention. In the ACTIVE trial, a large number of measurements approaches are used in the collection of ... |
2003-05 | 2004-12 |
| 9 |
ACTIVE - 10 years
|
The fifth annual post-test was conducted at 10 years after the intervention. In the ACTIVE trial, a large number of measurements approaches are used in the collection of ... |
2008-05 | 2009-12 |
Selection Criteria
- Minimum age
-
65
- Newborns
- Twins
- Countries
-
- United States of America
- Ethnic Origin
-
- Health Status
-
- Exclusions: * had already experienced substantial cognitive decline * had a self-reported diagnosis of Alzheimer disease * had already experienced substantial functional decline * had medical conditions that would predispose them to imminent functional decline or death * had severe losses in vision, hearing, or communicative ability that would sufficiently impair performance to make participation impossible
- Other Criteria
- Exclusions: * younger than 65 years at screening * had recent cognitive training * were unavailable during the testing and intervention phases of the study
- Supplementary Information about selection criteria
-
The individuals in this group received a ten-session training intervention on memory.
Recruitment
- Sources of recruitment
-
- General population
- General Population
-
- Volunteer enrolment
- Selected sample
- Supplementary Information
-
Participants were enrolled across 6 field sites using a variety of sampling frames and recruitment strategies. Participants were recruited through state driver’s licenses and identification card registries, medical clinic rosters, senior center and community organization rosters, senior housing sites, local churches, and rosters of assistance and service programs for low-income elderly persons.
Number of Participants
- Number of Participants
- 711
- Number of Participants with Biological Samples
- Supplementary Information about selection criteria
-
Baseline and Intervention: 711 participants
Immediate post-test: 640 participants
Booster: 372 participants
1 year: 585 participants
2 years: 563 participants
Booster at 3 year: 372 participants
3 years: 472 participants
5 years: 472 participants
10 years: 300 participants
Data Collection Events
| # | Name | Description | Start | End |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 |
ACTIVE - Immediate post-test
|
The immediate post-test was conducted < 10 days following completion of training. In the ACTIVE trial, a large number of measurements approaches are used in the collection of ... |
1998-06 | 2000-01 |
| 1 |
ACTIVE - Intervention
|
The interventions were conducted in small group settings in ten 60- to 75-minute sessions over 5- to 6-week periods. These were behavioral interventions with no pharmacological component. In ... |
1998-06 | 2000-01 |
| 2 |
ACTIVE - Baseline
|
In the ACTIVE trial, a large number of measurements approaches are used in the collection of data. These include telephone interviewing, face-to-face interviews, administration of ... |
1998-06 | 2000-01 |
| 3 |
ACTIVE - Booster at 1 year
|
Booster training was provided 11 months after training to a random subset of participants in each training group who completed at least 8 of 10 training sessions. Booster training was delivered ... |
1999-05 | 2000-12 |
| 4 |
ACTIVE - 1 year
|
The first annual post-test was conducted at 1 year after the intervention. In the ACTIVE trial, a large number of measurements approaches are used in the collection of ... |
1999-05 | 2001-01 |
| 5 |
ACTIVE - 2 years
|
The second annual post-test was conducted at 2 years after the intervention. In the ACTIVE trial, a large number of measurements approaches are used in the collection of ... |
2000-05 | 2001-12 |
| 6 |
ACTIVE - 3 years
|
The third annual post-test was conducted at 3 years after the intervention. In the ACTIVE trial, a large number of measurements approaches are used in the collection of ... |
2001-05 | 2002-12 |
| 7 |
ACTIVE - Booster at 3 years
|
Booster training was provided 11 months after training to a random subset of participants in each training group who completed at least 8 of 10 training sessions. Booster training was delivered ... |
2001-05 | 2002-12 |
| 8 |
ACTIVE - 5 years
|
The fourth annual post-test was conducted at 5 years after the intervention. In the ACTIVE trial, a large number of measurements approaches are used in the collection of ... |
2003-05 | 2004-12 |
| 9 |
ACTIVE - 10 years
|
The fifth annual post-test was conducted at 10 years after the intervention. In the ACTIVE trial, a large number of measurements approaches are used in the collection of ... |
2008-05 | 2009-12 |
Selection Criteria
- Minimum age
-
65
- Newborns
- Twins
- Countries
-
- United States of America
- Ethnic Origin
-
- Health Status
-
- Exclusions: * had already experienced substantial cognitive decline * had a self-reported diagnosis of Alzheimer disease * had already experienced substantial functional decline * had medical conditions that would predispose them to imminent functional decline or death * had severe losses in vision, hearing, or communicative ability that would sufficiently impair performance to make participation impossible
- Other Criteria
- Exclusions: * younger than 65 years at screening * had recent cognitive training * were unavailable during the testing and intervention phases of the study
- Supplementary Information about selection criteria
-
The individuals in this group did not receive any intervention.
Recruitment
- Sources of recruitment
-
- General population
- General Population
-
- Volunteer enrolment
- Selected sample
- Supplementary Information
-
Participants were enrolled across 6 field sites using a variety of sampling frames and recruitment strategies. Participants were recruited through state driver’s licenses and identification card registries, medical clinic rosters, senior center and community organization rosters, senior housing sites, local churches, and rosters of assistance and service programs for low-income elderly persons.
Number of Participants
- Number of Participants
- 704
- Number of Participants with Biological Samples
- Supplementary Information about selection criteria
-
Baseline and Intervention: 704 participants
Immediate post-test: 639 participants
1 year: 584 participants
2 years: 552 participants
3 years: 448 participants
5 years: 448 participants
10 years: 285 participants
Data Collection Events
| # | Name | Description | Start | End |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 |
ACTIVE - Immediate post-test
|
The immediate post-test was conducted < 10 days following completion of training. In the ACTIVE trial, a large number of measurements approaches are used in the collection of ... |
1998-06 | 2000-01 |
| 1 |
ACTIVE - Baseline
|
In the ACTIVE trial, a large number of measurements approaches are used in the collection of data. These include telephone interviewing, face-to-face interviews, administration of ... |
1998-06 | 2000-01 |
| 2 |
ACTIVE - 1 year
|
The first annual post-test was conducted at 1 year after the intervention. In the ACTIVE trial, a large number of measurements approaches are used in the collection of ... |
1999-05 | 2001-01 |
| 3 |
ACTIVE - 2 years
|
The second annual post-test was conducted at 2 years after the intervention. In the ACTIVE trial, a large number of measurements approaches are used in the collection of ... |
2000-05 | 2001-12 |
| 4 |
ACTIVE - 3 years
|
The third annual post-test was conducted at 3 years after the intervention. In the ACTIVE trial, a large number of measurements approaches are used in the collection of ... |
2001-05 | 2002-12 |
| 5 |
ACTIVE - 5 years
|
The fourth annual post-test was conducted at 5 years after the intervention. In the ACTIVE trial, a large number of measurements approaches are used in the collection of ... |
2003-05 | 2004-12 |
| 6 |
ACTIVE - 10 years
|
The fifth annual post-test was conducted at 10 years after the intervention. In the ACTIVE trial, a large number of measurements approaches are used in the collection of ... |
2008-05 | 2009-12 |
Selection Criteria
- Minimum age
-
65
- Newborns
- Twins
- Countries
-
- United States of America
- Ethnic Origin
-
- Health Status
-
- Exclusions: * had already experienced substantial cognitive decline * had a self-reported diagnosis of Alzheimer disease * had already experienced substantial functional decline * had medical conditions that would predispose them to imminent functional decline or death * had severe losses in vision, hearing, or communicative ability that would sufficiently impair performance to make participation impossible
- Other Criteria
- Exclusions: * younger than 65 years at screening * had recent cognitive training * were unavailable during the testing and intervention phases of the study
- Supplementary Information about selection criteria
-
The individuals in this group received a ten-session training intervention on speed-of-processing.
Recruitment
- Sources of recruitment
-
- General population
- General Population
-
- Volunteer enrolment
- Selected sample
- Supplementary Information
-
Participants were enrolled across 6 field sites using a variety of sampling frames and recruitment strategies. Participants were recruited through state driver’s licenses and identification card registries, medical clinic rosters, senior center and community organization rosters, senior housing sites, local churches, and rosters of assistance and service programs for low-income elderly persons.
Number of Participants
- Number of Participants
- 712
- Number of Participants with Biological Samples
- Supplementary Information about selection criteria
-
Baseline and Intervention: 712 participants
Immediate post-test: 653 participants
Booster: 370 participants
1 year: 601 participants
2 years: 574 participants
Booster at 3 year: 370 participants
3 years: 490 participants
5 years: 490 participants
10 years: 319 participants
Data Collection Events
| # | Name | Description | Start | End |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 |
ACTIVE - Immediate post-test
|
The immediate post-test was conducted < 10 days following completion of training. In the ACTIVE trial, a large number of measurements approaches are used in the collection of ... |
1998-06 | 2000-01 |
| 1 |
ACTIVE - Intervention
|
The interventions were conducted in small group settings in ten 60- to 75-minute sessions over 5- to 6-week periods. These were behavioral interventions with no pharmacological component. In ... |
1998-06 | 2000-01 |
| 2 |
ACTIVE - Baseline
|
In the ACTIVE trial, a large number of measurements approaches are used in the collection of data. These include telephone interviewing, face-to-face interviews, administration of ... |
1998-06 | 2000-01 |
| 3 |
ACTIVE - Booster at 1 year
|
Booster training was provided 11 months after training to a random subset of participants in each training group who completed at least 8 of 10 training sessions. Booster training was delivered ... |
1999-05 | 2000-12 |
| 4 |
ACTIVE - 1 year
|
The first annual post-test was conducted at 1 year after the intervention. In the ACTIVE trial, a large number of measurements approaches are used in the collection of ... |
1999-05 | 2001-01 |
| 5 |
ACTIVE - 2 years
|
The second annual post-test was conducted at 2 years after the intervention. In the ACTIVE trial, a large number of measurements approaches are used in the collection of ... |
2000-05 | 2001-12 |
| 6 |
ACTIVE - 3 years
|
The third annual post-test was conducted at 3 years after the intervention. In the ACTIVE trial, a large number of measurements approaches are used in the collection of ... |
2001-05 | 2002-12 |
| 7 |
ACTIVE - Booster at 3 years
|
Booster training was provided 11 months after training to a random subset of participants in each training group who completed at least 8 of 10 training sessions. Booster training was delivered ... |
2001-05 | 2002-12 |
| 8 |
ACTIVE - 5 years
|
The fourth annual post-test was conducted at 5 years after the intervention. In the ACTIVE trial, a large number of measurements approaches are used in the collection of ... |
2003-05 | 2004-12 |
| 9 |
ACTIVE - 10 years
|
The fifth annual post-test was conducted at 10 years after the intervention. In the ACTIVE trial, a large number of measurements approaches are used in the collection of ... |
2008-05 | 2009-12 |
Classifications
- Socio-demographic and economic characteristics
- Lifestyle and behaviours
- Birth, pregnancy and reproductive health history
- Perception of health, quality of life, development and functional limitations
- Diseases
- Symptoms and signs
- Medication and supplements
- Non-pharmacological interventions
- Health and community care services utilization
- Death
- Physical measures and assessments
- Laboratory measures
- Cognition, personality and psychological measures and assessments
- Life events, life plans, beliefs and values
- Preschool, school and work life
- Social environment and relationships
- Physical environment
- Administrative information
- Cognitive functioning
- Personality
- Psychological distress and emotions
- Other psychological measures and assessments
- Perception of health
- Quality of life
- Life course development
- Functional limitations
- Other perception of health, quality of life and functional limitation-related information
Socio-demographic and economic characteristics
Lifestyle and behaviours
Perception of health, quality of life, development and functional limitations
Diseases
Symptoms and signs
Medication and supplements
Non-pharmacological interventions
Health and community care services utilization
Death
Physical measures and assessments
Cognition, personality and psychological measures and assessments
Social environment and relationships
Administrative information
Cognitive functioning
Personality
Psychological distress and emotions
Quality of life
Functional limitations